Act Made Simple: an Easy-to-read Primer on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
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"ACT Made Simple" lays out an easy, understandable approach for putting the methodology into practice including sample dialogues, exercises and worksheets. It's approachable without being condescending, and coaches the reader (aka the practicing clinician interested in using an ACT approach with clients) along with hints, tips, and notes for how to approach times when things aren't going as planned. The methodology itself is essentially a mash-up of greatest hits: Buddhism with a dash of New Age vision boarding and classic business project management. But what's old is new, and Harris weaves together the techniques into a cohesive approach and walks the reader through with clarity and precision in "ACT Made Simple." And, unlike in the "The Happiness Trap," he thankfully notes in "ACT Made Simple" that it is NOT appropriate to sing about the inner thoughts and feelings of terminal cancer to the tune of happy birthday as a diffusion technique.
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Quotes:
Clients have a hard time shifting from a problem-solving mode into a mindful appreciation mode.
ACT assumes that (a) quality of life is primarily dependent upon mindful, values-guided action, and (b) this is possible regardless of how many symptoms you have - provided that you respond to your symptoms with mindfulness.
ACT regards the mind as a double-edged sword. It's very useful for all sorts of purposes, but if we don't learn how to handle it effectively, it will hurt us.
The aim of ACT,
Quotes:
Clients have a hard time shifting from a problem-solving mode into a mindful appreciation mode.
ACT assumes that (a) quality of life is primarily dependent upon mindful, values-guided action, and (b) this is possible regardless of how many symptoms you have - provided that you respond to your symptoms with mindfulness.
ACT regards the mind as a double-edged sword. It's very useful for all sorts of purposes, but if we don't learn how to handle it effectively, it will hurt us.
The aim of ACT, in lay terms, is to create a rich, full, and meaningful life while accepting the pain that inevitably goes with it.
Mindfulness is an awareness process, not a thinking process.
Even if your experience in this moment is difficult, painful, or unpleasant, you can be open to it and curious about it instead of running from it or fighting with it.
The outcome we aim for in ACT is mindful, valued living.
We won't have much of a journey if we simply stare at the compass; our journey only happens when we move our arms and legs in our chosen direction.
Committed action means "doing what it takes" to live by our values even if that brings up pain and discomfort.
A = Accept your thoughts and feelings, and be present
C = Choose a valued direction
T = Take action
We teach mindfulness skills not as some spiritual pathway to enlightenment but in order to facilitate effective action.
ACT speculates that there are two core psychological processes - "cognitive fusion" and "experiential avoidance" - that are responsible for most psychological suffering.
Our clients are not broken, they are just stuck.
Cognitive fusion basically means that our thoughts dominate our behavior.
Fusion means we're stuck in the world of language: we're so caught up in all those words and pictures running through our head that we lose contact with the world of direct experience. Mindfulness is like a shuttle between these two worlds: it transports us from the world of language into the world of direct experience.
We're not trying to reduce or eliminate our symptoms. We're trying to fundamentally transform our relationship with painful thoughts and feelings so we no longer perceive them as "symptoms."
"In this room, we're never going to have a debate about what's true and what's false. What we're interested in here is what's helpful or what's useful or what helps you to live a better life. With this approach, what we're interested in is not whether a thought is true or false, but whether it's helpful."
We never need to judge a client's behavior as "good" or "bad," "right" or "wrong"; instead we can ask, nonjudgmentally and compassionately, "Is this working to give you the life you want?"
Anxiety is a normal human emotion that we all experience. At the core of any anxiety disorder lies excessive experiential avoidance.
If I truly accept my feelings, then even though they may be very unpleasant and uncomfortable, I'm not distressed by them.
If control is possible and assists valued living, then go for it.
Our aim in ACT is to bring behavior increasingly under the influence of values rather than fusion or avoidance.
ACT is now like the top floor of a three-story mansion. On the next floor down, you'll find Relational Frame Theory (RFT). On the ground floor you'll find Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA). And the ground on which the entire mansion rests is a philosophy called Functional Contextualism (FC).
The moment we label a thought or feeling as a "symptom," that implies that it's "bad," "harmful," "abnormal," and therefore something we need to get rid of in order to be normal and healthy. This attitude readily sets us up to struggle with our own thoughts and feelings - a struggle that often has disastrous consequences.
Even if he was mandated by a court of law under threat of going to prison, he still didn't have to come: he came because he valued being free.
"You're climbing your mountain over there, and I'm climbing my mountain over here. And from where I am on my mountain, I can see things on your mountain that you can't see - like there's an avalanche about to happen, or there's an alternative pathway you can take, or you're not using your pickaxe effectively. But I'd hate for you to think that I've reached the top of my mountain, and I'm sitting back, taking it easy. Fact is, I'm still climbing, still making mistakes, and still learning from them. And basically, we're all the same. We're all climbing our mountain until the day we die. But here's the thing: you can get better and better at climbing, and better and better at learning to appreciate the journey."
The three main barriers to mindful, valued living: fusion, avoidance, and unworkable action.
"What do you want to stand for in the face of this? If at some point in the future you were to look back at the way you handled this situation now, then what would you like to say about the way you handled it?"
"So what does your mind say this problem means about you?"
"ACT helps you develop psychological skills to deal with your painful thoughts and feelings more effectively, in such a way that they have much less impact and influence over you."
ACT is not about trying to reduce, avoid, eliminate, or control these thoughts and feelings - it's about reducing their impact and influence over behavior in order to facilitate valued living.
"We don't just talk in these sessions; we actually practice psychological skills so you can learn how to handle all those difficult thoughts and feelings more effectively.
Our thoughts and feelings are not the main problem; it's getting caught up in them (fusion) and struggling with them (avoidance) that creates our problems. Our thoughts and feelings do not control our actions.
Many people don't like the sound of "homework." It carries all sorts of negative connotations. I prefer the term "practice" or "experiment."
Traditional ACT protocols follow a particular sequence:
0. Creative hopelessness (if necessary)
1. Defusion and acceptance
2. Contacting the present moment
3. Self-as-context
4. Values and committed action
One that I recommend for coaching, couples work, high-functioning clients, mandated clients, or clients lacking in motivation is this:
1. Values and committed action
2. Defusion and acceptance
3. Contacting the present moment
4. Self-as-context
Be present, open up, and do what matters.
"It's not about feeling good; it's about feeling what you feel without a struggle. It's not about feeling good; it's about feeling alive."
We watch for fusion in six key areas: rules, reasons, judgments, past, future, and self.
The more we enter into the world of direct experience, the more we leave behind the world of language.
"Our aim is not to try and make it go away; our aim is to stop getting caught up in it, make some room for it, allow it to be there without struggling - so that if and when it does hang around for a while, it doesn't stop you from doing what matters and engaging fully in your life."
"If you feel better, by all means enjoy it. But please, consider it a bonus, not the main intention."
"See if you can get into the psychological space of your observing self and, from that space, notice what your thoughts are doing."
"Let's make this a win-win proposition. I hope you follow through because, as I said earlier, practice is important. However, if you don't do it, I'd like you to notice what stopped you. What thoughts did you get caught up in, what feelings did you get into a struggle with, or what kind of things did you do that got in the way?"
We're not mindfulness fascists in ACT. We don't advocate acceptance of every single thought and feeling. We advocate acceptance if and when it enables us to act on our values.
"This feeling tells you some valuable information. It tells you that you're a normal human being with a heart. It tells you that you care. That there are things in life that matter to you. And this is what humans feel when there's a gap between what we want and what we've got. The bigger the gap, the bigger the feeling."
"When we accept our feelings, they may or may not reduce in intensity. We can't predict it. But we can predict this: when we try to control or avoid our feelings, it's very likely that they'll increase in intensity and cause us more distress."
"What we're aiming for is to let go of the struggle with our feelings so we can put our energy into doing the things that make life meaningful."
"I know you don't like this feeling, but see if you can just let it sit there for a moment. You don't have to like it - just allow it to be there."
"The only way you'll get to climb that mountain is to wade through the swamp. So that's what you do. You wade through the swamp. You don't wallow in it, just for the sake of it. You wade through the swamp because climbing that mountain matters."
The past and future only exist as thoughts occurring in the present.
Mindfulness basically boils down to:
1. Notice X
2. Let go of your thoughts
3. Let your feelings be
"There's a part of your mind that talks - the thinking self - and a part of your mind that listens - the observing self."
Fusion with a positive self can easily lead to arrogance, narcissism, intolerance of others, and refusal to acknowledge negative feedback; fusion with a negative self can lead to depression, anxiety, feelings of worthlessness, and so on.
"There are many different sense of self. In our society, we tend to focus on two main senses of self: the physical self - our body - and the thinking self, more commonly known as 'the mind.' What we're aiming to do here is recognize a third sense of self. The 'observing self' can observe both our thinking self and our physical self, but it is distinct from them. You are comprised of all three of these selves, but whereas the thinking self and the physical self change continuously, the observing self doesn't. It's like a safe place inside you that's always there - a place from where you can observe what's happening in the mind or the body without being harmed."
Our thoughts and feelings are transient events that don't define who we are or control our actions.
Values are desired/chosen global qualities of ongoing action.
Goals are about what you want to get or have or complete. Thus, if it's not something you can do on an ongoing basis, then it's not a value.
By global quality we mean a quality that "unites" many different patterns of action.
"Values are like a compass. A compass gives you direction and keeps you on track when you're traveling. And our values do the same for the journey of life."
While we do have a lot of control over how we act, we don't have any control over what we get. So it makes sense to focus on what is most within our control. The most empowering response to unmet needs and unfulfilled desires is to accept the pain, connect with our values, and take action.
If our clients start talking about right, wrong, good, or bad, we know they have shifted from values into the realm of morals, ethics, or codes of conduct.
You aren't obliged to work with any client if doing so compromises your own ethical standards.
We can't control others; we can merely influence them. And the more we take control of our own actions, the more effectively we'll be able to influence others.
"If you let those thoughts tell you what to do, will that take you closer to the life you want to live - or further away?"
When a goal is impossible or a long way off:
1. Validate the pain arising from the reality gap
2. Respond to the pain with acceptance and defusion
3. Find the values underlying the goal
4. Set new goals based on those underlying values
F = Fusion
E = Excessive goals
A = Avoidance of discomfort
R = Remoteness from values
D = Defusion
A = Acceptance of discomfort
R = Realistic goals
E = Embracing values
"When we do go offtrack, what helps is being kind and accepting toward ourselves: we accept the painful thoughts and feelings, then reconnect with our values, and get moving again. What doesn't help is beating ourselves up. I mean, if beating yourself up was a good way to change your behavior, wouldn't you be perfect by now?"
"Is what you're doing working in the long run to make your life richer and fuller? Is this taking you closer to the life you really want? Is this helping you to be the person you want to be?" [And if not, are you willing to try something else?]
"So when you do that, what effect does it have on your life in the long run? It's completely natural that you would do this, given your past life experience. Lots of people would do the very same thing under similar circumstances. The question is, if you keep on doing it, will it make your life richer and fuller - or will it do the opposite?"
"Can we let your mind say whatever it wants and give this a go anyway?"
"On a scale from 0 to 10, how well is your life working? If 10 means that the way you're spending each day gives you a real sense of vitality and fulfillment and 0 means that the way you're spending each day makes life seem pointless, meaningless, and not worth living at all, where are you on that scale?"
Resistance in therapy generally boils down to a few key factors: treatment mismatch, secondary gains, the therapeutic relationship, and FEAR.
Fusion and avoidance tend to "wither and fade" when we're fully in the present moment.
"Can you accept yourself as a human being even though you are temporarily stuck?"
When we rely on workability for motivation, we never have to coerce, persuade, or convince our clients to change; we simply open their eyes to the consequences of their actions and allow them to choose their own direction. And sometimes, despite our best efforts to help them get moving, our clients will stay stuck - in which case, we can at least provide them with a safe, compassionate space in which they can rest.
"I'm committed to helping you create the best life you can possibly have. And if I sit here and say nothing, then I'll be neglecting those values." Then with an attitude of openness and curiosity, defused from any judgments or criticisms, we describe the behavior we're noticing and point to the fact that it's preventing useful work in the session. From there, we may explore the function of the behavior - "Can I ask what you're hoping to achieve by doing X?"
We help clients develop the ability to step out of problem-solving mode altogether and into the psychological space of mindfulness and acceptance. This is useful whenever (a) problems cannot be solved, or (b) when problem-solving attempts create even bigger problems.
"Success is the ability to go from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm." Sir Winston Churchill
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I'm a fan of ACT.
I jumped on the ACT bandwagon after being introduced to it during a clinical training, and I've been riding it ever since. To me, the core philosophy of ACT just makes sense: be present, open up, and do what matters.
I've read several books on ACT, and this one stands out as the most concise and usable one. In addition to distilling ACT down to its essential components, it provides clinical transcripts and worksheets galore to help you jump right in to the ACTion.
**Jump on in.**I'm a fan of ACT.
I jumped on the ACT bandwagon after being introduced to it during a clinical training, and I've been riding it ever since. To me, the core philosophy of ACT just makes sense: be present, open up, and do what matters.
I've read several books on ACT, and this one stands out as the most concise and usable one. In addition to distilling ACT down to its essential components, it provides clinical transcripts and worksheets galore to help you jump right in to the ACTion.
If you're new to ACT, this book is the place to start. The author does a great job in showing how the aim of ACT—"to help you create a rich, full, and meaningful life while effectively handling the pain and stress that goes with it," (p. 61)—is achieved through its six core therapeutic processes: (pp. 9-11)
1. Contacting the present moment—Be here now
2. Defusion—Watch your thoughts
3. Acceptance—Open up
4. Self-as-context—Pure awareness
5. Values—Know what matters
6. Committed action—Do what it takes
Not sure if ACT is for you? Here's how the author responds to that question:
"Who wouldn't benefit from being more psychologically present; more in touch with their values; more able to make room for the inevitable pain of life; more able to defuse from unhelpful thoughts, beliefs, and memories; more able to take effective action in the face of emotional discomfort; more able to engage fully in what they're doing; and more able to appreciate each moment of their life, no matter how they're feeling? Psychological flexibility brings all of these benefits, and more. ACT therefore seems relevant to just about everyone." (pp. 30-31)
So, if you're ready to take a ride on the ACT bandwagon, I'd recommend jumping on right here.
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It is not only practical but it is EVIDENCE BASED!! I am highly spiritual and I delve into B
I know this is made for therapists but I'm neither a psychologist nor a psychiatrist and I think everyone should read this book! I've read a ton of book on mindfulness and Buddhist teachings and this by far has exceeded my expectations because it is more than a mindfulness book. It has very PRACTICAL advice and lays you down the CONCRETE STEPS you need to do to practice it and live the best life you can!It is not only practical but it is EVIDENCE BASED!! I am highly spiritual and I delve into Buddhist teachings which a lot of it are in this book and I love how I can see the spiritual translations of the esoteric Buddhist concepts I've learned into science and a language everyone can easily understand. It's very simple, and direct to the point. I love how a lot of these psychological techniques are based on Buddhist teachings. It really tells you how much of wisdom we have proven now were actually already available in ancient times.
This is brilliant!! It gave me something very concrete to follow for my life. And it's applicable to every aspect in life, career, relationships, health, finance.. It pretty much covered everything. If you want to improve the way you live and have meaning in your life, I recommend this book a lot! This is the therapy that I needed!
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Now I've read my first book on ACT and I'm more convinced that this is the theoretical orientation I will take in my career. Dr. Harris walks the novice through the basic concepts of ACT (not RFT, functional contextualism, or other philosophical concepts) using diagrams, worksheets, and sample dialogues with clients. This is a very practical
I learned about ACT during my Counseling Theories graduate level course. I felt that it was something special--at least special in how it resonated with me.Now I've read my first book on ACT and I'm more convinced that this is the theoretical orientation I will take in my career. Dr. Harris walks the novice through the basic concepts of ACT (not RFT, functional contextualism, or other philosophical concepts) using diagrams, worksheets, and sample dialogues with clients. This is a very practical guide. I already imagine that I will return to it often in my practice to rehearse metaphors and exercises to do with clients.
It is what it says it is, an easy-to-read primer on Acceptance & Commitment Therapy. And I loved it.
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It also bothers me when ACT writers or practitioners try to distance themselves from the original mindfulness practices that started this process. It feels a little bit like "white person stealing eastern tradition and repackaging it to make it palatable and sell." 😕
On the other hand, I can't understand and feel ACT as more than some extensive and elaborate intervention to increment a CBT treatment and not something with a life of its own.
ACT is an amazing kind of therapy and also in a certain sense a way of living.
I feel already better prepared and have now tools, knowledge and a structure to work with. Just need to practice all I've learned!
Amazing book to start with ACT. The whole book took me some time to finish but it was a very pleasant read. It feels like a personal conversation with Russ, a one on one course with him.ACT is an amazing kind of therapy and also in a certain sense a way of living.
I feel already better prepared and have now tools, knowledge and a structure to work with. Just need to practice all I've learned!
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It is entertaining and engaging and Russ is incredibly relatable.
An absolute must-read for beginner therapists!
Dr Russ's first book, 'The Happiness Trap', was published in Australia in March 2007, and is already well on the way to becoming a bestseller. (The title reflects a key theme in the book - that popular ideas about happiness are misleading, inaccurate, and actually make us miserable in the long term.) He is currently completing his second book 'From Fear To Fulfilment' - which is also the title of his most popular talk.
Back in the early nineties, when Russ was a GP in Melbourne, he moonlighted as a stand-up comedian, and as well as appearing regularly on the Melbourne comedy circuit, he featured on TV shows such as Tonight Live with Steve Vizard, and The Mid-Day Show with Ray Martin. As a result of this experience, his talks are fast-paced, engaging and humorous - as well as being action-packed with information, tools, and techniques for reducing stress, enhancing performance, and increasing vitality.
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